Since the 1980s, African States have embarked upon a vast programme of structural adjustment aimed at restoring macro-economic stability. This stability has been accompanied by the accentuation of the liberal character of their economies and their active opening up to the outside world followed by a gradual withdrawal of public administrations from certain activities and their replacement by private operators. At the political and social levels, significant developments have also been observed and have been reflected in a more dynamic political and social life, more active participation of populations in the management of public affairs and a determination to promote greater participation by women in public life.