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The United Nations General Assembly, in its resolutions 48/180 and 48/181 of 21 December 1993, encouraged the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to foster the environment for entrepreneurship, privatization, demonopolization and administrative deregulation, and to provide policy advice and technical assistance to the countries with economies in transition towards their integration in the world economy. Economies in transition include the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (comprising the Baltic republics, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Georgia). The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations has sought to assist economies in transition, particularly in the areas of resource mobilization, public expenditure management and private sector development, by a programme of research and publication.